Common congenital anomalies of the female genital tract

The impact of common congenital anomalies of the female genital tract is hugely variable. Some anomalies are asymptomatic chance findings requiring no intervention. Others have a major impact on the potential for sexual activity and fertility. A good knowledge of basic embryology is important to understand the pathogenesis and clinical features of these anomalies. All gynaecologists should be aware of these conditions and possible clinical presentations. Whilst some conditions, such as imperforate hymen require a simple surgical intervention, other more complex anomalies need careful assessment and accurate pre-operative assessment to optimise the long-term outcomes. The contribution of uterine anomalies to subfertility is poorly understood and the role of uterine surgery needs further research.