2020年北半球森林燃烧的生态后果:建模和定量计算的结果

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOLOGY
L. Chernogor, A. Nekos, G. V. Titenko, L. L. Chornohor
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引用次数: 2

摘要

目的是定量估计北半球森林大面积燃烧所产生的燃烧产物、化学元素、声热辐射的能量和功率的排放质量。调查问题的分析回顾,理论与计算,数值模拟,系统分析。结果。研究发现,2020年北半球的大规模火灾造成了灾难性的生态后果。最大的贡献是俄罗斯和美国的森林大火。生态系统受到影响的面积约为1500万公顷。大约35亿吨的木材无可挽回地损失了。大约有140吨的烟雾和超过1000吨的煤烟被排放到大气中。注入的CO气体质量约为3.5 Mt,排放到大气中的碳氢化合物质量约为1.4 Mt,另外向大气中排放的CO2气体约为7.8 Gt。数以百万吨计的氮原子,数以百万吨计的钾、钙原子,数以百万吨计的铁、锌、铬、溴、锰、铅、铷、锶、硒等化学元素排放到大气中。声辐射的能量约为100 PJ,比正常情况下的能量高出近千倍。弱阻尼次声辐射能量为1 ~ 10 PJ。热辐射通量密度达到56 ~ 160 kW/m2。即使森林燃烧产物在全球分布后,其浓度也超过了正常条件下的浓度。这主要适用于烟雾、烟尘和一氧化碳。经济损失达7500亿美元。数十人死亡或受伤。成千上万的人遭受了物质和精神上的损失。给成千上万的人造成了物质和精神上的损失。结论。2020年北半球森林大面积燃烧对地球的生态影响成为一种记录。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ecological Consequences from Forest Burning in the Northern Hemisphere in 2020: Results of Modeling and Quantitative Calculations
Purpose is quantitative estimation of the mass of emissions of combustion products, chemical elements, the energy and power of acoustic and thermal radiation caused by the forests large tracts burning in the Northern Hemisphere. Methods. Analytical review of investigation problem, theoretical and computational, numerical modeling, system analysis. Results. It was found that large-scale fires in the Northern Hemisphere in 2020 had catastrophic ecological consequences. The greatest contribution was made by the burning of forests in Russia and the USA. Ecosystems were affected on an area of about 15 million hectares. About 3,5 Gt of wood was irretrievably lost. About 140 Mt of smoke and more than 10 Mt of soot were emitted into the atmosphere. The mass of the injected CO gas was about 350 Mt. The mass of hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere was about 140 Mt. About 7,8 Gt of CO2 gas was additionally emitted into the atmosphere. Hundreds of megatons of atomic nitrogen, hundreds of tons of potassium and calcium, as well as from units to tens of tons of such chemical elements as Fe, Zn, Cr, Br, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr and Se have been emitted into the atmosphere. The energy of acoustic radiation was about 100 PJ, which is almost a thousand times higher than its energy under normal conditions. The energy of weakly damped infrasonic radiation was 1–10 PJ. The thermal radiation flux density reached 56–160 kW/m2. Even after the distribution of forest combustion products around the globe, their concentration exceeded the concentration under normal conditions. This primarily applies to smoke, soot and carbon monoxide. The economic damage amounted to about 750 billion US Dollars. Dozens of people died and were injured. Material and moral damage has been caused to many thousands of people. Material and moral damage caused to many thousands of people. Conclusions. The ecological consequences of the forests large tracts burning of Northern Hemisphere in 2020 for the planet became a kind of record.
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