卡特里娜飓风和哈维飓风应急响应中运输和物流工作的行动和经验教训比较

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
J. Collier, Srijith Balakrishnan, Zhanmin Zhang
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引用次数: 2

摘要

近年来,影响美国的灾害频率和范围明显增加。政府机构努力改善国家的灾害反应框架,以尽量减少灾害造成的死亡和经济损失。随着应急管理机构系统地改变其组织和应急职能,以适应从过去灾害事件中吸取的教训,灾害应对工作也在不断发展。灾害应对方面的技术进步也提高了各机构防备和应对自然灾害的能力。运输和物流部门在灾害期间和灾后的应急反应中发挥着主要作用。有鉴于此,本文试图确定政策变化和新技术如何有效地帮助运输和物流部门应对紧急情况,并确定当前做法中的差距,以便进一步改进。具体而言,本研究比较和对比了美国两次主要飓风事件期间和之后的运输和后勤支持,即卡特里娜飓风(2005年影响新奥尔良)和哈维飓风(2017年影响休斯顿)。这一比较旨在概述政府和私营实体在运输和物流部门为促进应急反应而采取的主要步骤以及在此过程中面临的问题。最后,本文总结了从两次飓风事件中吸取的经验教训,并为进一步改善灾害应对的运输和后勤支持提供了建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparing Actions and Lessons Learned in Transportation and Logistics Efforts for Emergency Response to Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey
Abstract Over the past years, the frequency and scope of disasters affecting the United States have significantly increased. Government agencies have made efforts in improving the nation’s disaster response framework to minimize fatalities and economic loss due to disasters. Disaster response has evolved with the emergency management agencies incorporating systematic changes in their organization and emergency response functions to accommodate lessons learned from past disaster events. Technological advancements in disaster response have also improved the agencies’ ability to prepare for and respond to natural hazards. The transportation and logistics sector has a primary role in emergency response during and after disasters. In this light, this paper seeks to identify how effective policy changes and new technology have aided the transportation and logistics sector in emergency response and identify gaps in current practices for further improvement. Specifically, this study compares and contrasts the transportation and logistical support to emergency relief efforts during and after two major Hurricane events in the U.S., namely Hurricane Katrina (which affected New Orleans in 2005) and Hurricane Harvey (which affected Houston in 2017). This comparison intends to outline the major steps taken by the government and the private entities in the transportation and logistics sector to facilitate emergency response and the issues faced during the process. Finally, the paper summarizes the lessons learned from both the Hurricane events and provides recommendations for further improvements in transportation and logistical support to disaster response.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
12.50%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing research or practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles, but also news and communiqués from researchers and practitioners, and book/media reviews. Content comes from a broad array of authors representing many professions, including emergency management, engineering, political science and policy, decision science, and health and medicine, as well as from emergency management and homeland security practitioners.
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