The application of Knothe’s theory for the planning of mining exploitation under the threat of discontinuous deformation of the surface and for the prediction of ground surface movements with rising water levels in the post-mining phase

the article presents three German-located case studies based on stochastic methods founded by the theory proposed by Knothe and the development of the ‘Ruhrkohle method’ according to Ehrhardt and Sauer. these solutions are successfully applied to predict mining-induced ground movements. the possibility of forecasting both vertical and horizontal ground movements has been presented in the manuscript, which allowed for optimization mining projects in terms of predicted ground movements. the