Comparative evaluation of the productivity of winter crops (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], rye [Secale cereale L.], triticale [Triticosecale Witt.]) in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine

The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of adaptability of winter crop varieties for cultivation in the western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (2019-2021). The subject of the study were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties: Vodogray bilotserkivsky, Oberig Myronivsky, Mudrist odeska; rye (Secale ?ereale L.): Knyazhe, Kobza, Kharkivyanka; triticale (Triticosecale Witt.): Markian, Molfar, Obrij myronivsky. The tests were carried out in the field. The area of the experimental plot was 55 m2, and the placement of varieties was consecutive with three repetitions. The results showed that under the basic cultivation technologies and weather conditions of the growing seasons, the grain productivity of soft wheat varieties varied from 4.88 (Mudrist odeska) to 5.39 t ha-1 (Oberig Myronivsky); rye - from 5.55 (Kharkivyanka) to 6.32 t ha-1 (Kobza); triticale - from 6.45 (Markian) to 6.74 t ha-1 (Obrij myronivsky). The results obtained allow to conclude that ecologically plastic varieties of winter crops in the conditions of the studied soil-climatic zone accumulate a sufficient amount of sugar in the tillering nodes - 25-30%, ensure overwintering of plants - 94-96%, are resistant to the main diseases, which contributes to the production of high-quality seeds to ensure the cultivated area in the region and the efficiency of seed production.