从相互对冲到全面竞争——中美关系的战略转型

Yan MeiJiao
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摘要

进入21世纪以来,美国逐渐感受到结构性压力带来的不安全感,继而将战略重心转向亚太地区。奥巴马政府提出“重返亚洲”,特朗普抛弃了上届政府的遗产,构建了自己的话语体系。他提出了“印太战略”,在程度和内容上都有所拓展。与此同时,中国也分别采取了多种相应的策略。包括“一带一路”倡议和人类命运共同体,中国特色大国外交战略思想。两国的交往模式已经从相互对冲转变为全面竞争。随着美国亚太(印太)战略的变化,本文运用新古典现实主义理论对其进行详细分析,并从制度层面、国家层面和个人层面分析影响美国战略变化和中美关系转变的因素。此外,它们之间的全面竞争给协调、合作、稳定的建设增加了挑战和困难。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From Mutual Hedging to All-Round Competition — The Strategic Transformation of Sino-US relations
Since the 21st century, the United States has gradually felt the insecurity brought by structural pressure, and then shifted its strategic focus to the Asia-Pacific region. The Obama administration put forward "Pivot to Asia", and Trump has abandoned the legacy of the previous administration and constructed his own discourse system. He put forward the "Indo-Pacific strategy", which has been expanded in both degree and contents. Meanwhile, China has taken a variety of corresponding strategies respectively. These include the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with a shared future for mankind and the strategic thought of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. These two countries’ communicating model has changed from mutual hedging to all-round competition. With the change of US Asia Pacific (Indo-Pacific) strategy, this article uses the neoclassical realism theory to analyze them in detail, and analyzes the factors that influence the change of US strategies and the transformation of Sino-US relations from the system level, the national level and the individual level. Apart from that, their comprehensive competition has added challenges and difficulties to the construction of coordination, cooperation and stability.
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