Retreatment with cabazitaxel in a long-surviving patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer and visceral metastasis

Prostate tumors are the most frequent malignant cancer among men. In recent years, we have seen a significant progress in the knowledge of the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer, leading to the development of effective drugs in this scenario. Prostate cancer patients had no effective therapeutic alternatives after docetaxel failure, limiting their survival rates. However, new drugs have markedly improved this. Cabazitaxel, a new generation taxane, has shown improved patient survival, despite the disease progression seen after docetaxel treatment. Herein, we present the case of a prostate cancer patient with poor prognosis and lung metastases in < 6 months postdocetaxel treatment. The patient was treated with cabazitaxel, achieving a long and maintained response. Later, on developing a new progressive disease, the patient was retreated with cabazitaxel, achieving a partial response and obtaining a widespread survival and clinical benefit. We currently have no predictive response factors to establish the most appropriate therapeutic sequence. Close monitoring of these patients is of paramount importance to detect early disease progression and try a new line of treatment, while the patient still has the chance to respond.