Injectable bulking agents in fecal and urinary incontinence: current agents, techniques and rationale for their use

While the use of injectable bulking agents in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence may be infrequently considered due to lack of permanence, properly injected agents can be a good initial, minimally invasive, therapy or an excellent second-line therapy in very complex patients. Proper patient counseling and selection are essential to successful treatment. The use of bulking agents in fecal incontinence is young, with the refined technique and defined outcomes yet to be determined.