Coeliac disease etiology and pathogenesis

Coeliac disease is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune enteropathy that affects around 1% of people worldwide. It is caused by ingestion of gluten products in people who are genetically predisposed. The pathogenesis involves multifactorial factors of genetic, gluten exposure, and environmental triggers. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 are the main responsible genes that contribute to the development of coeliac disease. Both innate and adaptive immune plays role in the pathogenesis. In this article, we will review the causes and pathogenesis of coeliac disease development.