乌克兰当代地形测绘的现状

R. Sossa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文研究了乌克兰领土地形测绘的基本原理和现状。在乌克兰宣布独立之前,其领土上覆盖着1:10 000至1:10 000万比例尺的地形图,这些地形图是由苏联部长会议(GUGK soviet)下属的大地测量和制图总局和苏联武装部队军事地形图服务局(MTS)的分科绘制的。描述了这些机构之间与地形测绘有关的合作。对1991年乌克兰领土的地形研究进行了仔细分析,并适当考虑到地形图所使用的坐标系统。在乌克兰宣布独立后的最初几年,乌克兰的地形图是根据1942年的坐标系统和1977年的波罗的海高度系统中先前有效的苏联指示绘制的。自上世纪90年代中期以来,乌克兰从模拟地形图制作技术向数字地形图制作技术过渡。研究了乌克兰地形测绘的当代法律和法规支持;分析了2007年1月1日起实施的UCS-2000国家大地测量参考坐标系和高程系统测量工作。重点讨论了当代地形图信息的陈旧和21世纪以来地形图的广泛剥夺保密性。乌克兰2020年通过的《国家地理空间数据基础设施法》对乌克兰地形测绘的发展至关重要。乌克兰武装部队地形图服务(TS AF)进行了大范围的工作,以更新与俄罗斯对乌克兰军事行动有关的地形图。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Contemporary status of topographic mapping in Ukraine
Abstract The fundamentals and contemporary status of topographic mapping of Ukraine’s territory has been studied. Prior to declaration of Ukraine’s independence, its territory was covered with 1:10,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale topographic maps made by sub-divisions of the Chief Department of Geodesy and Cartography affiliated with the Council of Ministers of the USSR (GUGK USSR) and sub-divisions of the Military Topographic Service (MTS) of the USSR Armed Forces. Topographic mapping related cooperation between these institutions has been described. Topographic study of Ukraine’s territory as at 1991 has been subject to close analysis, with due consideration of the coordinate systems used for topographic maps. During the first years after Ukraine’s independence declaration topographic maps in Ukraine were made according to the previously effective Soviet instructions in the 1942 coordinate systems and 1977 Baltic height system. Since mid 1990s, Ukraine enjoyed transition from analog technology of making topographic maps to digital one. The contemporary legal and statutory support of topographic mapping in Ukraine has been studied; the implementation since 1 January 2007 of the UCS-2000 national geodetic reference coordinate system and the height system measurement works have been analyzed. Focus has been made on obsolescence of information of contemporary topographic maps and on extensive deprivation of secrecy for topographic maps in 2000s. Critical for the development of topographic mapping in Ukraine is now the Law of Ukraine “On National Geospatial Data Infrastructure” adopted in 2020. The Topographic Service of the Armed Forces (TS AF) of Ukraine carried out big scopes of works to update the topographic maps related to Russia’s military operations against Ukraine.
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