卡塔尔石油和天然气业务扩张可能带来的未来污染风险

R. Al-Thani, B. T. Yasseen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

阿拉伯海湾国家的空气、水和土地受到工业能源部门活动造成的有机和无机成分污染。在卡塔尔,海洋生物和空气是生态系统的主要元素,自石油和天然气的发现和出口以来,污染已经对生态系统产生了负面影响。例如,2016年PM2.5的平均浓度达到105µg/m3。这种恶劣的空气质量归因于几个因素:沙尘暴、车辆排放和工业排放。卡塔尔半岛周围的海洋生物受到许多因素的威胁,包括脱盐海水的排放、石油和天然气活动以及气候变化的影响。在多次重大事件后进行的研究表明,各种污染物的水平处于可接受的水平。阿拉伯湾的一些地区,如沙特阿拉伯和巴林海岸,仍然被认为是长期污染,需要长期持续监测。这篇综述讨论了卡塔尔海岸线的污染状况,以及阿拉伯湾水域污染水平持续存在的原因。讨论了微生物(细菌、藻类和真菌)在污染问题的环境操纵的生物学方法中的作用。由于未来能源、工业和建筑部门的潜在扩张,卡塔尔的农业用地可能成为污染的场所。目前,工业废水被泵入地下深处,海水正在侵入大陆,这对用于种植各种作物的土壤造成了严重污染。报告了可能采取的措施,并讨论了未来污染风险的实际解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Possible Future Risks of Pollution Consequent to the Expansion of Oil and Gas Operations in Qatar
The air, water, and lands of the Arabian Gulf countries are exposed to contamination involving organic and inorganic components resulting from industrial energy sector activities. In Qatar, marine life and air are the primary elements of the ecosystem that pollution has negatively affected since the discovery and exportation of oil and gas. For example, the mean concentration of PM2.5 reached 105 µg/m3 in 2016. This poor air quality has been attributed to several factors: dust storms, vehicle emissions, and industrial emissions. Marine life around the peninsula of Qatar has been threatened by many factors, including discharge of desalinated seawater, oil and gas activities, and the impact of climate change. Studies conducted after multiple major events showed that levels of various types of pollutants were at acceptable levels. Some areas in the Arabian Gulf, such as the coasts of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, are still considered chronically polluted and need continual monitoring in the long term. This review discusses the pollution status on the Qatari coastlines and the reasons behind the persistence of current levels of pollution in Arabian Gulf water. The role of microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and fungi) in a biological approach for environmental manipulation of pollution problems is discussed. The agricultural lands in Qatar are possible sites of pollution due to the potential expansion of the energy, industry, and construction sectors in the future. Currently, industrial wastewater is pumped deep into the ground, and seawater is intruding into the main-land, which is causing significant contamination of soils used for the cultivation of various crops. Possible measures are reported, and practical solutions to future pollution risks are discussed.
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