The Correlation of age and gender with prevalence of histopathological patterns of thyroid diseases among Iraqi patients

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of histopathological patterns of thyroid lesions and their relation to age and gender in patients underwent total or near total and partial thyroidectomy. Methods: 430 biopsy blocks examined for patients who had undergone total or near total and partial thyroidectomy for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions, between January 2018 to December 2020 at Surgical Department, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq. Results: Out of 430 thyroidectomy specimens, 275 (64%) cases of non-neoplastic lesions, and 155 (36%) cases of neoplastic lesions were present. There were 63 males and 367 females with a male to female ratio of 1:5.6. The age ranged in males from 12 to 83 years with a mean age of 47.5 years and the age ranged in females from 10-68 years with a mean age of 39 years. In non-neoplastic lesions, the predominant lesion was the nodular hyperplasia with 233 (84.7%) cases followed by Hashimoto thyroiditis with 24 (8.7%) . In neoplastic lesions, papillary carcinoma was the commonest lesion with 98 (63.2%) cases followed by follicular carcinoma with 11 (7%) cases. Conclusion : Nodular colloid goiter was the most common non –neoplastic lesion with female predominance . Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent thyroid cancer accounting for 84.4% of thyroid cancers. with micropapillary variant making 44.89 % with most cases occurring in the third and forth decade.There appears to be a slightly increased trend of papillary carcinoma diagnosis. The present study highlights the necessity for time to time assessment of neoplastic lesions in young and middle-aged female for initial detection.