Lead and Cadmium Exposure from Contaminated Soil among Residents of a Farm Area near an Industrial Site

Abstract In this study, the authors determined the degree of lead and cadmium exposure in a population that resided in an area with contaminated soil. The extent of exposure from soil pollution was also assessed. Lead and cadmium concentrations in blood of children and adults who resided in the contaminated area were measured, and cadmium concentration in urine of adults was also determined. An adult control group was recruited from a non-polluted area. The mean blood lead level in adults who resided in the polluted area was 9.8 μg/dl, compared with a mean level of 6.8 μg/dl in controls (p = .004). Urinary cadmium levels were well below the level associated with onset of symptoms, but the differences between levels in residents of the contaminated area (0.54 μg/gm creatinine) and levels in the controls (0.37 μg/gm creatinine) indicated that life-long cadmium exposure had been higher among the residents of the contaminated area (p = .086). The mean blood lead level and mean blood cadmium level in children were 5.2 μg/dl (maximum = 7.90 μg/dl) and 0.10 μg/l, respectively. Lead in soil accounted in large part for the differences in blood lead levels in children; however, blood cadmium levels were not associated with soil cadmium levels, but, rather, with consumption of home-grown vegetables.