q -方法学确定在英国对死者器官捐赠的看法

R. Muaid, T. Chesney
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摘要

背景。在英国,对器官捐赠的态度主要是积极的,然而,捐赠率仍然很低。为了开发更有效的干预措施,本研究旨在使用Q方法来研究器官捐赠中的行为障碍,以得出不同障碍和动机之间的重叠模式。一项Q方法研究对40名年龄在19-64岁之间的参与者进行了调查,要求他们对47项与器官捐赠有关的问题进行排名。采用质心法和方差旋转法进行个人因子分析,得出语句排序方式的规律,得到以相似方式排列语句的参与者分组。提取出四种观点:现实主义者、犹豫的乐观主义者、决定的悲观主义者和移情者。每个观点中提出的器官捐赠的主要障碍表明,感知到的知识缺乏、焦虑、医疗保健系统的不信任和缺乏行动线索是器官捐赠的主要障碍。共识声明表明,如果对器官捐赠的态度形成良好,宗教和家庭协议是无关紧要的。使用Q方法发现,人们对死者器官捐赠有不同的态度。这些结果表明,人们对行为改变运动的反应不同,这取决于他们自己对器官捐赠的看法。我们认为,行为干预的范式转变是通过理解重叠但独特的自然感知视角来支持的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Q-Methodology to Identify perceptions of deceased organ donation in the UK
Background. Attitude towards organ donation is predominantly positive in the UK, however, donation rate remains low. To develop more effective interventions, this research aims to examine the behavioural barriers in organ donations using Q methodology to elicit patterns of overlap among different barriers and motivators.Method. A Q methodology study was conducted with 40 participants aged 19–64 were asked to rank 47 statements on issues that are associated with organ donation. By-person factor analysis using Centroid method and Varimax rotation was conducted to bring out patterns in the way statements were ranked to obtain groupings of participants who had arranged the statements in similar fashion.Results. Four viewpoints were extracted: The Realist, the Optimist Hesitant, the Pessimist Determinant and the Empathetic. Salient barriers to organ donation presented in each viewpoint suggest that perceived lack of knowledge, anxiety, mistrust in the healthcare system and lack of cue to action are the main barriers to organ donation. Consensus statements suggest that religion and family agreement are inconsequential if attitude to organ donation is well formed.Conclusion. There are different attitudes around deceased organ donation that were uncovered using Q methodology. These results suggest that people respond to behavioural change campaigns differently depending in their own perceptions on organ donation. We argue that a paradigm shift in behavioural interventions is underpinned by understanding the overlapping yet distinctive nature perceived perspectives.
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