The Russian system of pre-trial proceedings as a synthesis of different types of criminal procedure

The article is devoted to the study of prerequisites that determined the distinctive character of the Russian system of pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case. Analyzing the vector of development of national criminal justice and criminal procedure legislation, drawing comparative parallels with foreign mechanisms of preliminary investigation, the author comes to the conclusion that the gradual separation of the Soviet and post-Soviet system of pre-trial proceedings was caused by the well-known historical cataclysms of the 20th century. It is noted that a unique model of pre-trial proceedings has been formed in Russian Federation that represents a chaotic synthesis of various, including poorly compatible, elements inherent in different types of criminal proceedings.