Surgical interventions for Kienbock's disease: An update

Numerous surgical interventions have been reported for the treatment of Kienbock's disease. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate surgical interventions for the different stages of Kienbock's disease. The present review aims to evaluate and summarise the various surgical interventions and their outcomes in Kienbock's disease. Various electronic databases were searched to identify articles related to surgical interventions. Based on the stage of disease, various surgical options are available that can provide a successful outcome. These surgical procedures include proximal row carpectomy, total wrist arthrodesis, scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis, excisional arthroplasty, vascularised bone grafting (VBG), radial shortening osteotomy, radial corrective osteotomy, capitate shortening osteotomy combined with or without VBG and tendon ball arthroplasty and are commonly utilised. Majority of surgical procedures had shown good results in selected patients with advanced Kienbock's disease. In this review, the surgical interventions at an early and late stage of Kienbock's disease will be discussed.