Role of 3-Y markers in Y deleted allele on amelogenin in autosomal STR

Now a day, people from various parts of country are moving towards the metropolitan cities for their livelihood, better facilities. The people who migrate in Delhi for their livelihood range more than 15 million. That’s why, the crime rates are increasing day by day along with the high rate of population. Due to the socio-economic reasons, education level of people, crime including sexual assault, eve-teasing etc. are increasing very rapidly. The law enforcement agencies are taking strict actions against the perpetrator to prevent from these crimes. To follow the international standards for justified examination of evidences, various types of evidences play a vital role to solve a crime. A systematic procedure of collection the evidences, as per the law of scientific evidences are followed to punish the actual culprit of any crime. In a few instances, accused are acquitted by the courts in light of inappropriate examination of samples or not following the guideline of international standard. The cases of sexual assault and missing identity, the samples are sent to the forensic science laboratories to determine the gender and identify the individual based on DNA profiles. In such cases, where the gender of sample is not known to the experts and a very high amount of female biological material is present; examination of samples becomes a necessity. In case the examination is conducted by untrained and inexperienced scientific staff, it makes it vulnerable to surrender before the court or defence counsel. It is necessary to examine the samples in proper way and report the cases with proper justification. It has been observed so many times in sexual assault cases/rape that a mixed profile of male and female samples recovered from vaginal swab or undergarments. But due to the small quantity of male fraction and missing of Y allele on marker amelogenin, the results were misinterpreted as negative case.1 It has been proved so many times that Y chromosomes provide the gender discrimination. Deterioration of Y chromosome has started since long back and its size was similar to as X chromosomes. The human amelogenin has two homologous alleles one on X and other on Y chromosome. The size of Amelogenin X and amelogenin Y differ in size, X gene size is 2872 base pairs and Y is 3272 base pairs. Location of amelogenin on X is Xp 22.1-22.3 and Y is Yp11.2.2