椎间盘对压缩力的反应

C. Hirsch , Paul A. Anderson MD (Associate Editor)
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引用次数: 118

摘要

1假设椎间盘病变是腰痛的病因,我们目前的知识不允许我们解释所涉及的病理机制。2至少有40%。在所有背痛患者中,声称疼痛开始是因为背部受到了额外的压力,这表明生物力学研究可能为病理和力学讨论提供一种新的方法。3已经采用了一种实验方法,通过该方法可以高精度地记录椎间盘的机械反应。4已经描述了椎间盘的两种定量不同的反应。对静态施加的载荷的反应在几分钟内发生,而对动态载荷的反应则在几分之一秒内发生。后者的特征是圆盘中的振动。5在稳定负载下,圆盘记录了振动。即使圆盘已经达到静态平衡,额外的快速力也会在很大程度上增加变形,即使这些力相对较小。根据实验中记录的观察结果,决定损伤程度的不是暴力本身,而是创伤与损伤时椎间盘的状况相结合。椎间盘压缩得越多,可能需要的额外创伤就越少。在某些情况下,退化的椎间盘可能表现出对应力的耐受性降低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The reaction of intervertebral discs to compression forces

  • 1

    Assuming intervertebral disc lesions to be the causative factor of low-back pain, our present knowledge does not allow us to explain the pathological mechanism involved.

  • 2

    Since at least 40 per cent. of all patients with backache claim that the pain started because the back was subjected to extra strain, it is suggested that biomechanical studies may give a new approach for pathological and mechanical discussions.

  • 3

    An experimental approach has been adopted by which the mechanical responses of the intervertebral discs can be recorded with a high degree of accuracy.

  • 4

    Two quantitatively different responses of the disc have been described. The reaction to a statically applied load takes place in the course of minutes, while the response to the dynamic load occurs within fractions of a second. The latter is characterized by vibrations in the disc.

  • 5

    Vibrations were registered with a disc under steady load. Even if a disc has reached a static equilibrium, additional rapid forces can increase the deformations to a great extent, even if these forces are relatively small.

  • 6

    Apparently insignificant traumata are not recognized by the insurance companies in many countries as cases for compensation. On the basis of the observations recorded in the experiments, it is not the violence itself that decides the extent of the damage but the trauma combined with the condition of the disc at the time of injury. The more the disc is compressed, the less additional trauma may be required to cause lesions. Degenerated discs may, under certain circumstances, show a decreased tolerance to stress.

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