Applying knowledge-based expert systems to provide guidance for the safe storage of coal

The application of a prototype knowledge-based expert system for spontaneous heating, essh, in surface coal stockpiling operations is described. A brief review of earlier studies concerning the assessment of self-heating risk in stockpiles is presented. Based upon extensive analyses of the incidents of coal storage problems with spontaneous heating, the paper identifies the significant contributory factors which may have caused them. The stacking and precautionary techniques, or the rules of thumb, accumulated from years of experience and research, with particular reference to the safe storage of coal, are also discussed.

This high level knowledge is further refined and consolidated into a knowledge-based expert system which aims to replicate the reasoning of human experts in reaching a decision. The system assesses the spontaneous combustion risk by using certainty factor techniques. It is capable of identifying common faults and recommending systematic procedures and methods for inexperienced engineers in handling stockpiles being planned, under construction and in use. Future development of the current system in surface mining operations is highlighted.

The approach outlined in this paper offers a new managerial technique and shows how the incidents of spontaneous heating, weathering of coal and environmental impact can be minimized or avoided entirely through appropriate storage and handling, by applying an expert system approach.