用新方法防治分配植物的果皮

Von R. Albert, R. Wolff
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:在德国西南部的巴登-符腾堡州,私人花园中杀虫剂的供应受到当地法律的限制。只允许使用26种杀虫剂、杀菌剂和杀螺剂。因此,只有苏云金芽孢杆菌、颗粒病毒、拟除虫菊或信息素交配破坏法(PMDM)等农药才能用于苹果蛾的防治。像赤眼蜂或金丝藻这样的有益物质的使用是不受限制的。直到1998年和1999年进行了本文报道的实验,以前才对PMDM的分配进行了研究。在这些实验中,将PMDM和卵寄生虫、赤眼蜂和T.cacoeciae的使用进行了比较。在102个分配地中进行了观测,每个分配地约300平方米。园丁们是一个专门的分配俱乐部的成员,他们经常为俱乐部组织大量的植物或肥料采购。有时,当必须在所有分配中采取措施时,俱乐部会获得植物保护产品。蚕蛾和李果蛾是这些地区的重要害虫。1997年,整个德国南部地区的毒蛾攻击率普遍较低。这反映在分配中,第二年PMDM或卵寄生虫对水果的损害不到1%。1999年期间,袭击事件普遍增加,导致德国商业果园的杀虫剂使用量增加。在分配的果实中,在两种实验处理中,约有6%至8%的果实被交配蛾破坏。结果表明,PMDM可以成功地分配,并且与使用卵寄生虫一样有效。但还需要进一步的实验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mit neuen Verfahren gegen Fruchtwickler in Kleingartenanlagen

Abstract: The availability of pesticides in private gardens is limited by local law in the State of Baden-Württemberg in south-west Germany. Only 26 insecticides, fungicides and molluscicides are permitted. Hence, only pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Granulosis Virus, pyrethrum or the pheromone mating disruption method (PMDM) can be used for moth control in apple. The use of beneficials like Trichogramma sp. or Chrysoperla carnea is not limited. PMDM had not been previ-ously investigated in allotments until the experiments reported here were carried out in 1998 and 1999. In these experiments, PMDM was compared with the use of the egg parasites, Trichogramma dendrolimi and T. cacoeciae. The observations were done in 102 allotments, each of about 300 m2. The gardeners are members of a special club for the allotments and they often organize the bulk acquisition of plants or fertilizers for the club. Sometimes the club obtains plant protection products when something has to be done in all allotments. The codling moth and the plum fruit moth are important pests in these allotments.

In 1997, attacks of codling moth were generally low throughout the southern Germany. This was reflected in the allotments where there was less than one per cent fruit damage with PMDM or the egg parasites the following year. During 1999, the attacks were generally much higher resulting in a higher use of insecticides in commercial German orchards. In the allotments, about six to eight per cent of fruits were damaged by the codling moth in both experimental treatments.

The results indicate that PMDM can be successful in allotments and is equally as effective as the use of egg-parasites. But further experiments are required.

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