[女性胸痛和心血管疾病:诊断和治疗]。

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Herz Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI:10.1007/s00059-023-05215-0
Janet-Jacqueline Olic, Andrea Baessler, Marcus Fischer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

心血管疾病(CVD)是全球死亡的主要原因,不仅是男性,也是女性。女性心血管疾病的发病率显著增加,尤其是在绝经后。心血管疾病发病率、患病率和死亡率的性别差异是由于激素、解剖和社会文化差异造成的。作为冠心病一级和二级预防的一部分,除了经典的心血管风险因素外,还应考虑女性特有的风险因素,如自身免疫性疾病和妊娠相关疾病(如妊娠期糖尿病和先兆子痫)。此外,在患有心绞痛的女性中,应该考虑到女性尤其经常遭受非阻塞性冠状动脉(INOCA)的缺血,这可能是由冠状微血管功能障碍(CMD)或冠状动脉痉挛引起的。基于此,在心外膜血管正常的冠状动脉造影术后,有症状的女性不应终止诊断。应在早期阶段对CMD和冠状动脉痉挛进行有针对性的诊断。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

[Chest pain and cardiovascular diseases in women : Diagnostics and treatment].

[Chest pain and cardiovascular diseases in women : Diagnostics and treatment].

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality not only in men but also in women. The incidence of CVD significantly increases in women, especially after the menopause. Sex and gender differences in the incidence, prevalence and mortality of CVD are due to hormonal, anatomical, and sociocultural differences. As part of the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), risk factors specific for women, such as autoimmune diseases and pregnancy-associated diseases (e.g., gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia) should also be taken into account in addition to the classical cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, in women with angina pectoris it should be considered that women in particular frequently suffer from ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) that can be caused, for example, by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or coronary spasms. Based on this, the diagnostics should not be terminated in symptomatic women after coronary angiography with normal epicardial vessels. A targeted diagnostics for CMD and coronary spasms should be carried out at an early stage.

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来源期刊
Herz
Herz 医学-心血管系统
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
61
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Herz is the high-level journal for further education for all physicians interested in cardiology. The individual issues of the journal each deal with specific topics and comprise review articles in English and German written by competent and esteemed authors. They provide up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the speciality dealt with in the issue. Due to the fact that all relevant aspects of the pertinent topic of an issue are considered, an overview of the current status and progress in cardiology is presented. Reviews and original articles round off the spectrum of information provided.
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