Phthalocyanines and Naphthalocyanines with Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups: Synthesis, Preparation of Hybrid Gold Nanoparticles and Some Application Areas

Synthetic approaches to the phthalocyanines and their polynuclear and sandwich-type derivatives, bearing sulfur-containing functional groups, are classified. Additionally complexes, possessing an extended π-conjugation system (planar and sandwich-type 2,3-naphthalocyanines) are reviewed. Principal application areas are covered. Special attention is paid to the formation of conjugates with gold nanoparticles – prospective materials for organic electronics. Both approaches on substituted nitriles and methods for functional groups in the phthalocyanine macrocycle are Compounds of both planar and sandwich structures are considered.