From �commodity currencies� to Covid loans: Africa and global inequality, past and present

This article focuses on the question of Africa and global inequalities, bridging research in the past with the experience of the present. It argues that frameworks of indebtedness and growing inequalities have characterised the African continent�s relationship with globalisation at times of structural socioeconomic crisis. This was true in the early modern period, and can also be seen to characterise the macroeconomic framework of the two years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding the pandemic response through a structural and longue dur�e economic perspective opens up new avenues of interpretation and shows the importance of perspectives from the humanities and social sciences in shaping pandemic responses. Comparative historical approaches, socioeconomic continuities, and the critique of power provided by non-STEM subjects are shown to be vital in shaping a more holistic understanding of the pandemic time, and of how to respond to future pandemics.