(道德难题中的)大猩猩

IF 1.1 4区 哲学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Steve Bein, J. Mcrae
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2016年,辛辛那提动物园的一名工作人员开枪打死了一只西部低地大猩猩,以保护一名落入动物围栏的三岁男孩。这一事件涉及到经典电车问题的一个变体,在这个问题中,如果选择一条载有濒危物种成员的备用轨道,可能会避免一个人在主轨上死亡。这个问题提出了环境伦理学的两个重要问题。首先,如果有的话,是什么让一个人类孩子比一个极度濒危物种的成员更有价值?第二,动物园饲养大猩猩这样的物种合乎道德吗?关于第一个问题,至少,人类的孩子和大猩猩哪个更有价值是不明显的(也就是说,无论人们想做什么评价,都需要一个超越简单的物种歧视的论证)。关于第二个问题,可以求助于日本的环境哲学,特别是kyōsei(共生)的伦理范式和斋藤百合子的美学。濒危物种的成员具有内在价值,这就要求人类有义务保护整个物种,并尽量减少对其标本的伤害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gorillas in the Midst (of a Moral Conundrum)
In 2016, a Cincinnati Zoo worker shot and killed a Western lowland gorilla to protect a three-year-old boy who had fallen into the animal’s enclosure. This incident involves a variant of the classical trolley problem, one in which the death of a human being on the main track might be avoided by selecting an alternate track containing a member of an endangered species. This problem raises two important questions for environmental ethics. First, what, if anything, imbues a human child with greater value than a member of a critically endangered species? Second, is it ethical for zoos to house species such as gorillas? With regard to the first question, at a minimum, it is not obvious whether a human child or a gorilla has the greater value (i.e., that whatever evaluation one wishes to make, it requires an argument beyond simple speciesism). With regard to the second question, an appeal can be made to Japanese environmental philosophy, particularly the ethical paradigm of kyōsei (symbiosis) and the aesthetics of Yuriko Saitō. Members of endangered species have intrinsic value, which entails human obligations to protect the species as a whole and minimize harm to its specimens.
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CiteScore
1.10
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13
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