Widening choice.

Widening the choice of methods available is regarded as a way to increase the overall acceptability of family planning. All methods of contraception currently available have drawbacks, whether in terms of cost, reliability, or ease of use. Some methods are legally restricted. Although it is generally agreed that no one form of contraception is likely to assume the role of the majority method in the near future, major emphasis is being placed on the development of new techniques. Scientists are aiming for methods that are safe, reliable, inexpensive, and do not necessarily require medical supervision. Much of this research is centered on finding alternative ways of introducing contraceptive steroids into the woman's reproductive system. Research in this area has involved implant techniques, contraceptive-releasing vaginal rings, and biodegradable plastic capsules that can be implanted under the skin. Scientists are also trying to impregnate IUDs with hormones to control the heavy menstrual bleeding associated with IUD use. Other research is focused on inhibiting ovulation by mimicking the brain's signals to the pituitary gland. In fact, it may be possible to develop drugs that act directly on parts of the brain itself. In contrast to the Western world, where it is not unusual for it to cost US$50 million to develop a new drug, contraceptive research in China has focused on naturally occurring substances such as mucilage and gossypol. International researchers working under the auspices of the World Health Organization have so far identified 30 plants with contraceptive potential.