Development of High-Pressure Technology with Kawai-Type Multi-Anvil Presses and its Application to Geoscience

The Kawai-type multi-anvil press (KMAP) is a widely used high-pressure apparatus especially in the field of solid geophysics. Because of its large volume and stable pressure-temperature field in a sample, the KMAP provides reliable results especially on phase stability. However, further development of KMAP has been needed to solve open questions on the Earth's mantle structure and dynamics. We have developed KMAP techniques and applied them to phase relations experiments of mantle-related minerals and rocks up to the uppermost lower mantle conditions and bridgmanite defect chemistry and crystal chemistry up to the mid-mantle conditions. [Kawai-type multi-anvil press, mantle, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, phase transition]