Product stewardship considerations for solar photovoltaic panels

While the uptake of solar photovoltaic panels for the generation of clean energy has almost exponentially increased over the past about 10 years, effective end-of-life management legislation is still lacking in many nations. Organizations like the International Renewable Energy Agency have clearly outlined the need and benefit of robust end-of-life management legislations, such as a product stewardship scheme or extended producer responsibility, to avoid a looming significant waste legacy. This article explores a possible design of an end-of-life legislation for solar photovoltaic panels including new and existing panels, necessary legislation for a second-hand economy for solar photovoltaic panels, and options for necessary levies to support an emerging recycling industry for solar panels. The article also tries to make recommendations for a product stewardship scheme for solar photovoltaic panels and its financial support.