Analysis of a fractional pollution model in a system of three interconnecting lakes

Water pollution is a critical global concern that demands ongoing scrutiny and revision of water resource policies at all levels to safeguard a healthy living environment. In this study, we focus on examining the dynamics of a fractional-order model involving three interconnected lakes, utilizing the Caputo differential operator. The aim is to investigate the issue of lake pollution by analyzing a system of linear equations that represent the interconnecting waterways. To numerically solve the model, we employ two methods: The Laplace transform with the Adomian decomposition method (LADM) and the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We compare the obtained numerical solutions from both methods and present the results. The study encompasses three variations of the model: the periodic input model, the exponentially decaying input model, and the linear input model. MATLAB is employed to conduct numerical simulations for the proposed scheme, considering various fractional orders. The numerical results are further supported by informative graphical illustrations. Through simulation, we validate the suitability of the proposed model for addressing the issue at hand. The outcomes of this research contribute to the understanding and management of water pollution, aiding policymakers and researchers in formulating effective strategies for maintaining water quality and protecting our environment.