了解食物过敏免疫反应的性别差异。

IF 0.9 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
AIMS Allergy and Immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-06 DOI:10.3934/allergy.2022009
McKenna S Vininski, Sunanda Rajput, Nicholas J Hobbs, Joseph J Dolence
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引用次数: 0

摘要

食物过敏的发病率不断上升,已成为公众健康的重大问题。我们对免疫系统如何对食物做出反应的了解仍不全面。食物过敏患者的过敏反应因人而异。这种差异可能是由遗传、环境、荷尔蒙或新陈代谢因素造成的,这些因素会影响针对食物中的过敏原所产生的免疫反应。花生(PN)过敏是最严重、最顽固的食物过敏之一,因此有必要研究过敏是如何发生的,从而驱动 IgE 介导的过敏反应。近年来,人们对 IgE 介导的食物过敏的诱发机制有了很多了解,但仍有一些问题有待解决。其中一个悬而未决的问题是性激素是否会影响食物过敏的发生。众所周知,其他过敏性疾病也存在性别差异,因此这就提出了食物过敏是否也存在同样现象的问题。研究表明,与男性相比,女性患过敏性哮喘和湿疹等特应性疾病的几率更高。发现过敏性疾病中的这种性别差异为研究荷尔蒙如何影响 IgE 介导的食物过敏反应的发生机制提供了基础。对现有食物过敏人口统计数据的分析发现,男性儿童和成年女性更易患上食物过敏,这与过敏性哮喘的发病率相当。本文回顾了现有的过敏机制、致敏途径,以及性激素如何在免疫系统对常见食物过敏原(如 PN)的反应中发挥作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Understanding sex differences in the allergic immune response to food.

Food allergies are of great public health concern due to their rising prevalence. Our understanding of how the immune system reacts to food remains incomplete. Allergic responses vary between individuals with food allergies. This variability could be caused by genetic, environmental, hormonal, or metabolic factors that impact immune responses mounted against allergens found in foods. Peanut (PN) allergy is one of the most severe and persistent of food allergies, warranting examination into how sensitization occurs to drive IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, much has been learned about the mechanisms behind the initiation of IgE-mediated food allergies, but additional questions remain. One unresolved issue is whether sex hormones impact the development of food allergies. Sex differences are known to exist in other allergic diseases, so this poses the question about whether the same phenomenon is occurring in food allergies. Studies show that females exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, relative to males. Discovering such sex differences in allergic diseases provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of how hormones influence the development of IgE-mediated reactions to foods. Analysis of existing food allergy demographics found that they occur more frequently in male children and adult females, which is comparable to allergic asthma. This paper reviews existing allergic mechanisms, sensitization routes, as well as how sex hormones may play a role in how the immune system reacts to common food allergens such as PN.

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