危险、威胁、风险:企业生态安全系统的本质及其关系

I. Lepetan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乌克兰可持续发展的一个必要条件是合理利用自然资源,保护自然环境和确保人类生命的生态安全。由于环境危机的加深和其他全球性问题的加剧,环境安全越来越受到人们的关注。因此,需要研究和其他概念,这些概念在某种程度上也说明损失的可能性和消极情况的发生- -这些是威胁、风险和危险。研究的目的是澄清环境性质的主要类别及其关系,如“环境安全”、“危险”、“威胁”和“风险”。在研究过程中,运用科学知识的方法、科学方法的分析对安全理论的主要范畴进行界定,并运用比较法、系统化法、泛化法和综合法对研究结果进行表述和科学论证。本文考察了科学家对“安全”、“环境安全”、“风险”、“危险”、“威胁”等概念及其关系的看法。确定了企业生态安全面临的内部威胁和外部威胁,并提出了给定经济类别之间相互关系的观点。揭示了环境风险区别于其他形式风险的主要特征:生态风险的人类中心取向;生态风险起源形式的多方差分析绝对确定环境风险的可能性有限;累积;环境风险的次制度性。文章概述了农业生产对环境污染(空气污染、土地资源枯竭和退化、森林和水资源枯竭)的影响,并提出了农业环境风险的分类标准。农业部门生态危机的原因,首先是农业生产的粗放发展,缺乏对环境友好型农业生产技术的监管和技术文件,以及缺乏有效的环境保护机制。在微观和宏观两级,没有关于农业活动造成的污染对空气、土地、水和森林资源等所有领域的环境影响的客观和可靠的数据。因此,为了以最大程度的可靠性评估特定农业企业和国家层面的环境危机原因,以及有效的管理决策以减少人为对环境的影响,有必要研究环境安全和环境会计的某些组成部分
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DANGER, THREAT, RISK: ESSENCE AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE
An integral condition for the sustainable development of Ukraine is the rational use of natural resources, protection of the natural environment and ensuring the ecological safety of human life. Environmental security is receiving increasing attention due to the deepening environmental crisis and the exacerbation of other global problems. Therefore, there is a need for research and other concepts that also to some extent characterize the possibility of loss and the occurrence of negative conditions - these are threats, risks and dangers. The purpose of the study is to clarify the main categories of environmental nature and their relationship, such as “environmental safety”, “danger”, “threat” and “risk”. During the research, the method of scientific knowledge, the analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of the main categories of security theory, and the methods of comparison, systematization, generalization, and synthesis were applied in the formulation and scientific justification of the research results. The article examines the views of scientists on the concepts of “safety”, “environmental safety”, “risk”, “danger”, “threat” and their relationship. The internal and external threats to the ecological safety of the enterprise are determined, and the author's vision of the interrelation of the given economic categories is offered. The main characteristics that distinguish environmental risk from other forms of risk are revealed: anthropocentric orientation of ecological risk; polyvariance of forms of origin of ecological risk; limited possibility of absolute determination of environmental risk; cumulative; subinstitutionality of environmental risk. The article outlines the impact of agricultural production on environmental pollution (air pollution, depletion and degradation of land resources, depletion of forest and water resources) and presents the criteria for classification of environmental risk for agriculture. The causes of the ecological crisis in the agricultural sector are, first of all, extensive development of agricultural production, lack of regulatory and technical documentation on environmentally friendly technologies of agricultural production, as well as the lack of an effective mechanism for environmental protection. At the micro and macro levels, there are no objective and reliable data on the impact of pollution from agricultural activities on the environment in all areas - air, land, water and forest resources. Therefore, in order to assess with the maximum degree of reliability of the cause of the environmental crisis both at a particular agricultural enterprise and at the state level, as well as effective management decisions to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to study certain components of environmental safety and environmental accounting
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