Direction and Determinants of Indian Seed Spices Export: A Case of Cumin

The study analyzed the dynamics of cumin export from 2004-05 to 2020-21 and factors influencing its exports from India during 1980-81 to 2020-21 by employing compound growth rate, instability, Markov chain analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The export of cumin from India registered higher growth than its production. The export of cumin was significantly increased with lag year production, the exchange rate, and total export from India. The study found export diversification towards Bangladesh and Vietnam emerged as the highly preferred market with lower instability in the above period. In contrast, exports to the USA, UAE, UK, and Nepal have narrowed. Nevertheless, these countries have assured markets because of the large number of South Asian families here; cumin is a vital ingredient in their food. Results suggest export-oriented production adhering to quality norms of high-value markets like the USA, UAE, Japan, Malaysia and UK. A noteworthy governmental stimulus is required to boost further cumin exports, enhancing the income of the farmers