NATURE AND ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVITIES OF INSPECTION BODIES ON MARINE TRANSPORT

In the article, the nature and entity of inspection activities on marine transport are reviewed. Inspection organizations are divided by ownership. Different types of inspection bodies are looked into and specific scope of the inspection services they provide are elaborated. Consumers of inspection services, are identified, such as manufacturers, buyers, traders, shipow-ners, banks, etc. The reasons of a high rise in growth and spread of the inspection business are emphasized due to the increasing of competition and complete lack of trust in the maritime sector between all organizations and regulators inside the industry. The necessity of involving an independent inspection organization into the transport process is investigated. The main prerequisites, factors and regulatory frameworks for the implementation of inspection activities and their extensive system of specializations are reviewed. Independent inspection services for qualitative and / or quantitative examinations of specific items, objects or occurrences, which facilitate the work and reduce risks of principals, are studied. The features of inspection services provided are distinguished between inspectors of P&I Clubs, which represent associations that provide marine protection and indemnity liability cover for shipowners, loss adjusters, who serve as claims specialists and are appointed by insurance companies, and also independent cargo surveyors, who act as the third party and provide services for independent and impartial quantitative and qualitative inspection of various goods in accordance with modern international requirements. The relationship between independent surveying companies and the rest of the participants in the process of purchase and sale of goods was determined. Some of the most important usual assignments and activities of independent inspectorat the transport services market are described and schematized. The place and role of independent inspection companies in the scheme of formatting, concluding and effecting of a foreign trade agreement are highlighted.Keywords: inspection organizations, survey, surveying operations, P&I clubs, loss adjusters.