乌克兰国家对牛奶生产的支持效率

A. Semsal, S. Shupyk
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引用次数: 2

摘要

这篇文章致力于评估乌克兰国家支持牛奶生产的有效性。事实证明,从战略和未来的角度来看,要克服行业的负面趋势,提高奶牛养殖的投资吸引力,需要提高国家监管的有效性,加大国家支持力度,完善补贴机制。我们认为,对确保农业企业牛奶生产效率的积极影响也通过引入补贴等工具来为新农场的建设提供资金。我们认为,有必要为农业企业的生产设施现代化、创新加工设施的建设引入更低的成本。事实证明,国家对奶牛养殖的监管手段效率低下,投资数额巨大,该行业并没有吸引新的生产者。此外,国家没有为OSG从牛奶生产向小企业转型和提高农场的生产能力创造适当的条件,这也没有导致原料奶市场出现新的参与者。与此同时,专家们还考虑到了外国新玩家进入的风险。确定了影响奶牛养殖有效发展的外部环境因素主要有:国家对产业创新的支持、投资环境的改善。产业有效发展的内在因素有关系;固定资产和流动资产的可用性和最优结构;合理选择和安排工作人员;合理利用饲草用地;改善畜群的品种组成;物质技术基础建设;提高固定资产更新率;提高工艺过程的机械化和自动化水平;引进创新的养牛和饲养技术;符合种群繁殖的科学要求;综合多元化;开发计划预测、配给和成本控制系统;有效的员工激励制度、灵活的管理制度和适当的员工社会保障。关键词:国家扶持,农业企业,奶牛养殖,效益,人口经济。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Efficiency of state support for milk production in Ukraine
The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state support for milk production in Ukraine. It is proved that in order to overcome the negative trends in the industry and increase the investment attractiveness of dairy farming in the strategic and future perspective, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of state regulation, increase state support and improve subsidy mechanisms. We believe that the positive impact on ensuring the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises has also been achieved through the introduction of such a tool as subsidies to finance the construction of new farms. We believe that it is necessary to introduce cheaper costs for the modernization of production facilities in agricultural enterprises, construction of innovative processing facilities. It is proved that the low efficiency of state regulation instruments of dairy farming and large amounts of investment, the industry does not attract new producers. In addition, the country has not created appropriate conditions for the transition of OSG from milk production to small businesses and increasing the production capacity of farms, which also does not lead to the emergence of new players in the raw milk market. At the same time, the experts took into account the risk of entering new foreign players. It is established that the main factors of the external environment that affect the effective development of dairy farming are: state support of the industry and innovation, improving the investment climate. Internal factors of effective development of the industry are related to; availability and optimal structure of fixed and current assets; rational selection and placement of staff; rational use of forage lands; improving the breed composition of the herd; development of material and technical base; increasing the rate of renewal of fixed assets; increasing the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes; introduction of innovative technologies of cattle keeping and feeding; compliance with scientific requirements for herd reproduction; integrated diversification; development of the system of planning and forecasting, rationing and cost control; an effective system of employee motivation, a flexible management system and appropriate social security for employees. Key words: state support, agricultural enterprise, dairy cattle breeding, efficiency, population economy.
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