现代农业危机和乌克兰食品工业可持续性的组成部分

O. Shust, O. Varchenko, D. Krusanov, O. Dragan, K. Tkachenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

主要的系统性缺陷和问题导致了经济的计划和行政模式的破坏以及向市场和农业部门的过渡,伴随着20世纪90年代的转型衰退和未来反复出现的农业危机。已经确定,农业衰退的后果与食品工业生产能力的规模相关,但时间框架发生了变化。经证实,土地危机首先涉及农业生产,并进一步影响到农业食品综合体的其他部门和部门。揭示了2008-2009年、2014-2015年和2020-2021年农业危机表现的特殊性,并分析了粮食企业生产出现明显波动的原因和后果的危机间期。可以确定的是,食品、饮料和烟草产品达到危机前(1990年)水平的时间是在转型经济衰退“触底”6年后,农产品达到危机前水平的时间是在转型经济衰退“触底”20年后。然而,2019冠状病毒病大流行在乌克兰引发了一场全球危机和农业危机,粮食产量减少导致抵御能力严重削弱。在这方面,重要的是确定和评估农业部门发展的关键问题的程度,在市场日益动荡的情况下,农业部门的进展将取决于粮食工业的可持续性。在当前阶段,保护和加强食品工业可持续性的关键组成部分已经系统化,特别是,满足安全和高质量食品原料的加工能力,开展食品加工企业的创新和技术现代化,完成乌克兰国家食品安全立法,保护动物和植物的卫生和植物检疫措施符合欧盟立法。因此,在食品行业实施HACCP是一个非常热门的话题,因为它需要全面解决饲料-食品“从田间到餐桌”的一系列问题。切实遵守卫生、安全和质量要求将确保动物源性产品的安全。据透露,市场经营者遵守国家法规的要求,这些法规与欧盟指令、技术法规、标准、良好实践指南以及实施共同体在家庭卫生领域的基本原则、方法方法和法规相协调。植物检疫措施形成了饲料市场经营者兽医和植物检疫要求的单一监管领域。因此,将在“从田间到餐桌”的链条中实现向更高质量要求的过渡,并确保其连续性,并提高对畜产品安全和质量标准的遵守程度。需要强调的是,乌克兰农业部门在融入欧盟内部市场的道路上的进步伴随着国内和欧洲要求之间出现新的差异和不一致,监管框架的变化及其在实践中的实施。这是为加工设施提供安全和高质量的原材料和生产有竞争力的产品的重要先决条件,这将有助于提高食品工业的可持续性。关键词:农业危机,市场动荡,发展趋势,食品行业稳定,畜产品生产监管框架
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modern agrarian crises and components of Ukrainian food industry sustainability
The main systemic flaws and problems that led to the destruction of the planning and administrative model of the economy and the transition to a market, and in the agricultural sector were accompanied by a transformational recession in the 1990s and the emergence of recurrent agrarian crises in the future. It is established that the consequences of the decline in agriculture correlate with the scale of production by the capacity of the food industry, but with a shifted time frame. It was confrmed that, frst of all, the agrarian crisis covers agricultural production, and it further affects other branches and sectors of the agri-food complex. The peculiarities of the manifestation of agrarian crises of 2008-2009, 2014-2015 and 2020-2021 are revealed and the inter-crisis periods concerning the causes and consequences of noticeable fluctuations with the production of food enterprises are analyzed. It is established that the achievement of the pre-crisis (1990) level of food, beverages and tobacco products occurred six years after the "bottom" of the transformational recession, and agricultural products - twenty years later. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide crisis and an agrarian crisis in Ukraine which resulted in signifcant weakening of resilience due to reduction in food production. In this regard, it was important to identify and assess the degree of key problems development the agricultural sector, on the progress of which in the face of increasing market turbulence and will depend on the sustainability of the food industry. The key components for preserving and strengthening the sustainability of the food industry for the current stage have been systematized, in particular, satisfying processing capacities in safe and high-quality food raw materials and carrying out innovative and technological modernization of food processing enterprises, completing national food security legislation of Ukraine on sanitary and phytosanitary measures for the protection of animals and plants to EU legislation. It is established that the implementation of HACCP in food industry is rather topical in the need for a comprehensive solution to a number of problems in the feed-food chain "from feld to table". It is grounded that the practical observance of hygiene, safety and quality requirements will ensure the safety of products of animal origin. It is revealed that market operators comply with the requirements of national regulations, which are harmonized with EU Directives, technical regulations, standards, guidelines of good practice, and implementation of basic principles, methodological approaches and regulations of the Community in the feld of domestic sanitation. phytosanitary measures, form a single regulatory feld of veterinary and phytosanitary requirements for feed market operators. As a result, a transition to a qualitatively higher level of requirements in the chain "from the feld to the table" will take place and ensure their continuity and increasing the level of compliance with safety and quality standards of livestock products. It is emphasized that the advancement of Ukraine's agricultural sector on the path of integration into the EU internal market is accompanied by the emergence of new differences and inconsistencies between domestic and European requirements, changes in the regulatory framework and their implementation in practice. This is an important prerequisite for providing processing facilities with safe and high-quality raw materials and the production of competitive products, which will contribute to increase the sustainability of the food industry. Key words: agrarian crisis, market turbulence, development trends, stability of the food industry, regulatory framework for the production of livestock products.
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