Effects of Statins on Gut Microbiota (Microbiome)

Statins are the inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, which are extensively used to decrease the concentration of cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia. Statins are divided into two categories based on their own unique properties. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins, they are applied as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, immunomodulatory, and plaque-stabilizing agents. In addition, statins affect the diversity and population of gut microbiota, which is a complicated microbial community remarkably involved in the regulation of metabolic responses, immune system, and human health. This community is also associated with age-related health problems, allergy, asthma, and inflammatory intestinal diseases. Therefore, evaluation of the interactions between statins and gut microbiota is essential to predicting the outcomes of these agents. The present study aimed to review the properties and pleiotropic effects of statins. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in health was discussed, and the significant effects of statins on gut microbiota and their interactions were described based on clinical and animal studies.