冷战发展主义盒子中的环境:1970年代朝鲜关于污染的论述(韩海)

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
Eunsun Cho
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了20世纪70年代冷战和发展主义背景下朝鲜“污染”话语的展开。通过审视朝鲜政权如何通过批评资本主义国家对konghae问题的处理来证明自己的环境管理方法是合理的,本研究阐明了朝鲜冷战框架对发展和环境相互交织的动态的影响。特别是,日本污染工业进入韩国,引发了“konghae”一词进入朝鲜方言,随后相关话语激增,这可能也受到全球环境问题意识日益增强以及有关潜在解决方案的相应对话的影响。虽然冷战框架阻碍了朝鲜承认自己日益严重的污染问题,但随着朝鲜国内日益严重的污染现象越来越难以被忽视,对污染的认识也越来越普遍,有关污染的讨论也在扩大。这导致朝鲜在20世纪80年代和90年代努力应对环境问题,例如1986年制定了《环境保护法》,1992年将环境权利纳入宪法。本文强调了20世纪70年代作为转型前的关键阶段的重要性,在此期间,朝鲜的环境话语从对孔海的局限关注演变为更广泛、更全面的环境概念。尽管取得了这些进展,但朝鲜仍然坚持技术进步可以解决环境挑战的发展主义思想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Environment in the Box of Cold-War Developmentalism: North Korea’s 1970s Discourse on Pollution (konghae)
This paper examines the unfolding of North Korean discourse on “konghae (pollution)” in the context of the Cold War and developmentalism during the 1970s. Scrutinizing how the North Korean regime justified its own environmental management approach by critiquing the handling of the konghae issue in capitalist states, this study elucidates the impact of North Korea’s Cold War framing on the intertwined dynamics of development and the environment. In particular, the import of Japanese polluting industries into South Korea triggered the introduction of the term konghae into the North Korean vernacular and the subsequent proliferation of related discourse, which may have also been influenced by the growing global consciousness of environmental matters and the corresponding dialogue on potential solutions.While Cold War framing impeded North Korean acknowledgment of its own developing pollution problem, discourse on pollution expanded as it became harder to ignore the growing phenomenon of pollution within the country and awareness of pollution became more common. This led to efforts in the 1980s and 1990s to respond to environmental concerns in North Korea, such as the enactment of the Environmental Protection Law in 1986 and the incorporation of environmental rights into the Constitution in 1992. This paper highlights the significance of the 1970s as a pivotal pre-transition phase during which North Korea’s environmental discourse evolved from a confined focus on konghae to a broader, more comprehensive conception of the environment. Despite this progression, the developmentalist idea that technological advancement can resolve environmental challenges persists in the DPRK.
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CiteScore
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