Complex association between congestive heart failure and cognitive dysfunction

The purpose of this review is to present the evidence supporting an association between two common medical conditions in older adults, congestive heart failure and cognitive impairment. Potential mechanisms of this interaction include hypoperfusion, cerebral emboli and electrolyte imbalances. Successful management of heart failure often involves complex medication and dietary regimens and lifestyle adjustments. Cognitive impairment can negatively impact on this management, leading to a progressive cycle of worsening heart failure, further cognitive impairment, disability and increased mortality. Interventions to identify heart failure patients with impaired cognition may improve these clinical outcomes.