Recent advances in smart materials and its applications in pediatric dentistry

Avulsion is complete displacement of tooth from its alveolar socket. Immediate replantation is the best choice at the site of accident. When replantation is not possible, it should be kept in a storage medium. The storage media keeps periodontal cells with less damage to be able to regenerate and attach and prevents root resorption. The medium selected as a storage medium should be easily available and have adequate osmolality, appropriate PH, nutritional metabolites, and fair price and should not have bacterial content. In literature, different storage medium are suggested, including those containing Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), natural products such as water, Aloe Vera, propolis, pomegranate juice, coconut juice, green tea, egg white, milk (whole, low-fat and skimmed milk, butter milk, soy milk, probiotic milk, pasteurized milk, and mixture of egg white and milk), rehydration solutions such as ringer lactate serum, cell culture medium such as eagle culture medium or EMT (emergency medical treatment) tooth saver, medical media used for keeping organs such as viaspan, commercial media such as GC Tooth Mousse, growth factor treatment, and laser irradiation before tooth replantation. Due to studies limitations and heterogeneous data, nothing is recognized as an ideal medium.