The importance of genetics in an advanced integrative model of autism spectrum disorder

Genes have long been considered to cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, data obtained over the last 10 years indicate that the true role of genetics in ASD and the cost-benefit ratio of genetic testing following an ASD diagnosis warrant further investigation. ASD is heterogeneous with high individual complexity, and new findings related to systemic alterations in ASD (in addition to genetics) should be considered when attempting to optimize patient health. However, for some people with ASD and their families, genetic testing can identify genetic mutations or chromosomic alterations. This review mainly considers recent research (the last 5 years) on the role of genetic factors in ASD and the importance of genetic testing in a new Advanced Integrative Model of ASD.