作者对比词典作为一种实验性词典编纂形式

IF 0.6 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
M. A. Bobunova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在21世纪初,词典编纂实践出现了新的趋势。它被命名为对比词典编纂法。对比词典首先被证明是有用的,它是外语学习、教学和翻译的必备参考书。在另一个领域,民俗词典编纂,对比词典成为来自俄罗斯库尔斯克的语言民俗学家的词典项目。在文学文本中运用了以民间材料为试验对象的比较描写法。这就产生了创建一本作者对比词典的想法。费奥多尔·秋切夫和阿法纳西·费特的诗歌被选为试探性词典的材料。本文叙述了《大辞典》编撰的各个阶段及其微观和宏观结构。字典的一个重要的宏观结构问题是单词的选择和条目的顺序。强调的是,词典的主题结构,而不是字母结构,能够揭示诗歌世界画面的单个片段的一致性和内部层次,并有助于确定它们在诗人的习语中的位置。这本词典的作者采用了聚类方法。聚类可以理解为属于不同词类的一组词,它们在语义、功能和衍生上相互联系。该词典由八个集群组成,分别代表了三个巨大的部分:自然世界、人类世界和世界特征。特别注意双单位类型的字典条目。如果一个分录不包含比较部分,则该单元变为左侧或右侧的“空白”类型分录。对于诗意的语言描述,词典的作者使用了字典条目的参数结构;该结构包括强制组件和可选组件。一个词典条目的合词区,反映了诗行和邻近行内所有的文本单词链接,被彻底分析。作者的对比词典的研究潜力是由几个例子说明。作者指出,该词典是实验性的,不同体裁的对比词典有发展前景,符合现代作者词典编纂的趋势。对比词典在研究作者的习语和揭示比较作者的语言独特性方面具有重要的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An Author’s Contrastive Dictionary as an Experimental Lexicographical Form
At the turn of the 21st century, a new trend appeared in lexicographic practice. It was named contrastive lexicography. Contrastive dictionaries proved useful first of all as necessary reference books in learning and teaching foreign languages, and translating. In another domain, folklore lexicography, contrastive dictionaries became dictionary projects of linguafolklorists from Kursk, Russia. The method of comparative description tested on the folk material was applied to the literary text. This led to the idea of creating an author’s contrastive dictionary. The poetry by Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet was chosen as the material of the tentative dictionary. The article describes the stages of the dictionary compilation and its original micro- and macro-structure. An essential macrostructural issue of the dictionary is the choice of words and the order of entries. It is accentuated that the topical, not alphabetic, structure of the dictionary enables to reveal the consistency and the inner hierarchy of single fragments of the poetic world picture and helps to identify their place in the poets’ idiolects. The authors of the dictionary employed the cluster approach. The cluster is understood as a group words which belong to different parts of speech and are linked semantically, functionally and derivationally. The dictionary comprises eight clusters which represent three massive fragments: World of Nature, World of Human and World’s Characteristics. Special attention is paid to dictionary entries of a double unit type. If an entry contains no comparative part, the unit turns into a left- or right-sided “lacuna” type entry. For poetic language description, the authors of the dictionary used the parameter structure of a dictionary entry; this structure comprises compulsory and optional components. The syntagmatic zone of a dictionary entry, which reflects all textual word links within the poetic line and the neighboring lines, was thoroughly analyzed. The research potential of an author’s contrastive dictionary is illustrated by several examples. It is noted that this dictionary is experimental and there are prospects for contrastive dictionaries of different genres, in line with the trends of modern author’s lexicography. Contrastive dictionaries are concluded to be of use in studying the author’s idiolect and in revealing the compared writers’ language uniqueness.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The mission of the Russian Journal of Lexicography is to accumulate the intellectual potential of scholars and practitioners for the purpose of discussing and solving the topical issues of theoretical and applied lexicography, and new concepts of dictionary compilation.
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