A hybrid novel method to economically evaluate the carbon dioxide emissions in the productive chain of Argentina

Paper aims: This paper compares the economic valuation (Intrinsic Cost or IC) of carbon dioxide emissions (carbon price) of the externality taxes (Kyoto Protocol) of the Argentine Production Chain (APC). Originality: The experimental IC index and this novel combination allow incorporating objective (incremental) and subjective (acceptance, hierarchy and uncertainty) evaluation of the APC. This method is extended in this paper (to other operators). Research method: The ICs are applied to attribute graphs in two scenarios (APC and society), that are obtained from the combination of Fuzzy Decision Making (FMD), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PSO with the Algebraic (AP), Generic Hamacher (GHP and PHP) and Einstein (EP) products. Main findings : (i) The coherency of the new ICs is demonstrated by mathematical and graphical analysis; (ii) The most demanding operators are the EP and HP. Implications for theory and practice: It contributes to establish mechanisms for regulation of the APC.