Brain-machine interface (BMI) and cyborg intelligence

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device, and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade. Based on BMIs, mind information can be read out by neural signals to control machine actuators, and machine-coded sensory information can be delivered to specific areas in the brain. BMI techniques provide the opportunity to integrate machine intelligence with biological intelligence at multiple levels to develop a more powerful intelligent system, thereby creating a new field called ‘cyborg intelligence’.