Americas’ opioid/psychostimulant epidemic would benefit from general population early identification of genetic addiction risk especially in children of alcoholics (COAs)

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Correspondence to: Blum K, Western University Health Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA, Drd2gene@gmail.com. Conflicts of interest Kenneth Blum, PhD is the holder of a number of US and Foreign patents issued and pending related to Nutrigenomics and Nutraceuticals. Together with Geneus Health, LLC a developmental commercialization of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS)® with a sales license to Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. Kenneth Blum is a paid consultant (Chief Scientific Advisor) of Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, and is Chairman of The Board and CSO of Geneus Health, LLC. Dr. Blum is a member of the scientific advisory board of Dominion Diagnostics, LLC and is their Chief Scientific Advisor. Drs. Blum (Chairman), Badgaiyan, Thanos, Siwicki, Baron and Badgaiyan are members of Geneus Health Scientific Advisory Board. B.W Downs is the founder and owns stock in Victory International Nutrition, Inc., and that company is a licensed distributor of GARS and Restoregen products. The authors state that there are no other conflicts of interest. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Public Access Author manuscript J Syst Integr Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 February 20.