不稳定的形式:了解智利当前的劳工发展

IF 1.3 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
Gonzalo Durán, Karina Narbona
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引用次数: 4

摘要

四十多年前,智利经济在金融、养老金、教育、就业等广泛领域的灵活和私有化进程中处于领先地位。1990年,随着皮诺切特独裁统治的结束,智利继续推行新自由主义经济政策,并维持集体劳工权利的自由主义概念(1979年实施)。到2017年,智利的劳动力非正式性是南美洲最低的。考虑到这两个因素(有利于企业削减开支的劳动法规和只有“适度”的非正式性),本文探讨了以下问题:在像智利这样的典型新自由主义背景下,当前形式的劳动正式性的特征是什么?非正式性占据了什么空间?劳动的正式性是否与通常与非正式性相关的那种脆弱性相去甚远?近年来,在智利,正式和非正式是如何相互关联的?我们用混合的方法来解决这些问题:文献综述,概念建议的发展,统计数据的处理和案例研究。我们得出结论,智利目前普遍存在一种特殊的劳动形式,我们称之为不稳定形式。这一概念与传统的劳动形式观念存在争议,因为劳动法规缺乏实质内容,也因为它们是无效的,当然,这是政治产生的。我们认为它是不稳定的,基于对理论劳动形式背景下不稳定的多个维度的分析。文章还描述了工人组织的斗争和抵抗形式,这些工人组织在这种新的劳动结构中抗议资本主义行为。关键词:形式;不拘礼节的;劳动力precarity;智利
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Precarising Formality: Understanding Current Labour Developments in Chile
More than forty years ago, the Chilean economy led the way in a process of flexibilising and privatising a wide range of areas: finance, pensions, education, work and so on. In 1990, with the end of Pinochet’s dictatorship, Chile continued to pursue neo-liberal economic policies and maintained the liberal conception of collective labour rights (imposed in 1979). By 2017, labour informality in Chile was among the lowest in South America. Taking these two factors into account (labour regulation that benefited business spending cuts and only “moderate” informality), this article explores the following questions: What are the features of current forms of labour formality in a paradigmatic neo-liberal context like Chile’s, and what space does informality occupy? Is labour formality far removed from the kind of vulnerability usually associated with informality? How have formality and informality related to each other in Chile in recent years? We address these questions with mixed methods: a literature review, development of a conceptual proposal, processing of statistical data and case studies. We conclude that a particular kind of labour formality currently prevails in Chile, which we call precarising formality. This concept disputes the traditional idea of labour formality, both because labour regulations lack substance and because they are ineffective, which is, of course, politically produced. We consider it precarising based on an analysis of multiple dimensions of precarity in contexts of theoretical labour formality. The article also describes forms of struggle and resistance by workers’ organisations that protest against capitalist action from within this new configuration of labour. KEYWORDS: formality; informality; labour precarity; Chile
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来源期刊
Global Labour Journal
Global Labour Journal INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-
自引率
12.50%
发文量
26
审稿时长
39 weeks
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