Evaluating the benefits of a potential industrial symbiosis network within the boundaries of a protected area, using the method of life cycle assessment

Anthropogenic activities within the boundaries of protected areas are creating challenges that can cause significant damage to the ecosystem and biodiversity. Especially on cases where heavy industrial activities take place within, or near, the boundaries of protected areas, the preservation of nature is at high risk. In this paper, we utilise the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the existing environmental situation of a protected area in NE Greece with anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the potential implementation of industrial symbiosis is examined, in order to minimise the environmental impacts within the boundaries of the protected area. LCA is used to compare the existing situation and the symbiotic scenario. Several symbiotic activities were identified leading to reduced carbon dioxide emissions in the area (14.5% reduction), reduced amount of oil consumption for heating needs (98 kt of oil annually), as well as reduced total energy consumption for electricity.