Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of mangosteen garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts

This study was designed to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidation, antiproliferation and apoptotic properties of mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp ethanolic and water extracts (MPE/e and MPE/w) using human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7, as a model system. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for TPC analysis and DPPH as well FRAP were used for antioxidant capacity. Cell viability was evaluated by Resazurin and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays for 12 and 24 h. The study found that TPC of MPE/e was over than MPE/w (119.95 ± 1.03 > 84.40 ± 0.29 µg GAE/mg, respectively). Consistently, the antioxidant capacity of MPE/e was higher than MPE/w about 2 folds, which expressed via free radical scavenging, IC 50 of 1,199.85 ± 47.16 and 2,435.71 ± 273.74 µg/ml and FRAP, IC 50 of 546.98 ± 26.12 and 1,088.70 ± 81.54 µg/ml. Moreover, only MPE/e expressed as a potential inhibitor on the MCF-7 cells proliferation at dose- and time- dependent manner. MPE/e was strongly positive influence on antiproliferation and apoptotic induction of MCF-7 cells as seen via the morphological changes and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. In conclusion, MPE/e may be proposed to develop to cytotoxic agents or antitumor if it has been investigated that effective and non-toxic to normal cells of animals and humans.