通过重要的指标进行转型——进步、参与和确定福祉指标的国家倡议

IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Philipp H. Lepenies
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引用次数: 10

摘要

[转型,德国,zählen德国,参与和德国国家倡议,德国,德国,德国]。政府的目标是提高其公民的福祉。在第二次世界大战后,国民生产总值(无论是国民生产总值还是国内生产总值)及其增长率被视为衡量福祉的代理指标,这无疑使经济增长成为历史上最强大的政治指标。然而,鉴于气候变化等增长的负面影响,以及衡量幸福或幸福的方法上的进步,政府已经开始重新考虑增长会自动改善幸福的信念。2015年可持续发展目标强调了“改变我们的世界”的普遍愿望,以及这一转变需要借助替代统计指标来实现的事实。在过去的十年里,许多国家的政府已经开始了一项在很大程度上未被注意到,但由经合组织推动的革命性努力:确定“GDP之外”的国家福利替代指标,以参与式的方式决定哪些指标对人民重要,并讨论哪些新的或经过调整的进步概念在21世纪是有效的。本文将重点介绍这些国家的一些案例,并分析这些举措形成的背景。它将表明,尽管他们的愿望是革命性的,但许多倡议并没有达到他们的期望。这与它们的执行方式有关,与政治上不愿真正考虑GDP之外的替代方案并允许广泛参与有关。但它也可能表明,对指标指导政策的能力的预期可能会有所减弱
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Transforming by Metrics that Matter - Progress, Participation, and the National Initiatives of Fixing Well-Being Indicators
»Transformation durch Zahlen, die zählen Fortschritt, Partizipation und die nationalen Initiativen zur Festlegung von Wohlfahrtsindikatoren«. The goal of governments is to enhance the well-being of their citizens. In the aftermath of World War II, national product (be it gross national or gross domestic) and its rate of growth were seen as a proxy indicator to measure well-being – making economic growth doubtless the most powerful political indicator in history. Yet, in light of the negative effects of growth such as climate change and due to methodological progress in measuring well-being or happiness, governments have begun to reconsider the belief that growth automatically leads to improved well-being. The Sustainable Development Goals of 2015 underline a universal desire to “transform our world” and the fact that this transformation is to be done with the help of alternative statistical indicators. In the last decade, a number of national governments have embarked on a largely unnoticed, but revolutionary OECD-driven endeavor: to fix national alternative measures of well-being “beyond GDP”, to decide in a participatory manner which indicators matter to people and to discuss which new or adapted notion of progress is valid in the 21st century. This paper will highlight a number of these national cases and analyze the context in which these initiatives evolved. It will be shown that although revolutionary in their aspirations, many initiatives do not live up to their expectations. This has to do with the manner in which they were executed, with the political unwillingness to really consider alternatives to GDP and to allow broad participation. But it might also show that the expectations regarding the power of indicators to guide policies might
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