恰帕斯叛乱:争取土地和民主的斗争

Neil Harvey
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引用次数: 492

摘要

1994年,萨帕塔叛乱引起了国际社会对墨西哥南部恰帕斯州的关注。尼尔·哈维(Neil Harvey)将在恰帕斯州(Chiapas)的十年实地工作与广泛的历史和政治研究相结合,提供了该地区冲突的全面历史,并对这场反对联邦官僚主义和地主精英的农村起义进行了细致入细的分析。哈维从探索征服以来恰帕斯州种族和阶级冲突的历史开始,特别追溯了自20世纪70年代初以来恰帕斯州农民和土著组织的发展。他比较了三场草根运动争取土地权利的斗争,这些运动面临着当地精英和联邦官僚的敌意。他对恰帕斯州政治变化复杂性的研究包括新自由主义经济政策的影响,萨帕塔民族解放军(EZLN)的起源,以及叛乱本身的政治影响。参与当前关于墨西哥和拉丁美洲社会运动的作用和意义的理论辩论,哈维专注于政治斗争的首要地位,以及这些运动在公民身份的建设和意义中的重要性。虽然他认为萨帕塔革命提高了恰帕斯人民对种族、性别和土地分配等民主问题的认识,但他最后分析了该地区今天和平的障碍。这项史无前例的萨帕塔叛乱研究将引发当代墨西哥、政治科学、拉丁美洲研究、历史、社会学和人类学的学生和学者之间的讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy
In 1994 the Zapatista rebellion brought international attention to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. Neil Harvey combines ten years of field work in Chiapas with extensive historical and political research to provide a comprehensive history of conflict in this region and a nuanced analysis of this rural uprising against federal bureaucracy and landed elites. Beginning with an exploration of the history of ethnic and class conflict in Chiapas since the Conquest, Harvey moves specifically to trace the development of peasant and indigenous organizations in Chiapas since the early 1970s. He compares the struggles for agrarian rights of three grassroots movements facing hostility from both local elites and federal bureaucrats. His examination of the complexities of political change in Chiapas includes the impact of neoliberal economic policies, the origins of the Zapatista army of National Liberation (EZLN), and the political impact of the rebellion itself. Engaging with current theoretical debates on the role and significance of social movements in Mexico and Latin America, Harvey focuses on the primacy of political struggle and on the importance of these movements in the construction and meaning of citizenship. While suggesting that the Zapatista revolution has heightened awareness among the people of Chiapas of such democratic issues as ethnicity, gender, and land distribution, he concludes with an analysis of the obstacles to peace in the region today. This unprecedented study of the Zapatista rebellion will provoke discussion among students and scholars of contemporary Mexico, political science, Latin American studies, history, sociology, and anthropology.
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