Can the National Health Policy 2017 Strengthen the National Health System and Improve the Health of the Indian Populace?

The union cabinet approved the National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 on 15 March 2017. After its initial draft stage, seeking opinions from different stakeholders for nearly 34 months, the NHP 2017 came to the public domain with its final version. The main objective of this version of the NHP is to implement the proposed National Health Assurance Plan, which has been one of the agendas of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government for the healthcare of the people. The main objective of this article is to critically appraise and discuss the scopes and limitations in accomplishing the targets set in the policy document. A critique of the targets has also been discussed, considering the historical evidence and experiences of achieving the same. In the end, suggestions and recommendations have also been suggested for improving the health system regarding NHP 2017. The article critically analyses NHP 2017 based on secondary and grey literature. Evidence from secondary literature has been juxtaposed to compare and contrast the difficulty in implementing the policy. Literature is obtained from electronically accessible search and indexing portals, such as Google, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Embase, PubMed, and PubMed Central by using the keywords like health policy, impact of health policy, human resources in health, health care information technology, hospitals, pharmaceuticals and medical devices, health insurance and public health. Considering the implementation challenges of the previous two NHPs, the current NHP 2017 should be relevant to the grassroots level nuances and should address not only the healthcare needs but also the human development indicators.