毒品政策:“荷兰模式”

IF 3.6 2区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Marianne M. J. van Ooyen-Houben, E. Kleemans
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引用次数: 26

摘要

荷兰的毒品政策曾经被认为是务实和宽容的,其根源在于对吸毒的普遍宽容态度,现在已经缓慢但肯定地从主要关注公共卫生转向越来越重视执法。“咖啡店”政策和针对MDMA/摇头丸的政策就是例证。两者都是从公共卫生的角度发起的,但由于与供应市场、犯罪和滋扰有关的意外副作用而受到攻击。咖啡店成为越来越多限制的对象,MDMA/摇头丸生产成为全面执法计划的目标。过了一段时间才实施了更严厉的策略。注重健康的做法和毒品问题可以控制但不能根除的信念是根深蒂固的。这导致人们认识到加强执法的不利后果,并缓和了执法的适用。研究表明在某些方面是有效的,但也有意想不到的后果。咖啡店受到限制后,非法大麻消费市场的扩大就是一个例子。另一个原因是使用替代化学成分生产摇头丸。毒品政策的变化对供应市场有影响,但吸毒似乎基本上不受影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Drug Policy: The “Dutch Model”
Dutch drug policy, once considered pragmatic and lenient and rooted in a generally tolerant attitude toward drug use, has slowly but surely shifted from a primarily public health focus to an increasing focus on law enforcement. The “coffee shop” policy and the policy toward MDMA/ecstasy are illustrations. Both were initiated from a public health perspective but were attacked because of unintended side effects relating to supply markets, crime, and nuisance. Coffee shops became the subject of increasing restrictions and MDMA/ecstasy production became the target of a comprehensive enforcement program. It took some time before the tougher strategies were applied. The health-oriented approach and the conviction that drug problems can be contained, but not eradicated, are deeply rooted. This led to acknowledgment of the adverse consequences of increased law enforcement and tempered its application. Research showed effectiveness in some regards but also unintended consequences. The expansion of illegal cannabis consumer markets after restrictions on coffee shops is one example. The use of alternative chemical ingredients for ecstasy production is another. Changes in drug policy have an effect on supply markets, but drug use seems largely unaffected.
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来源期刊
Crime and Justice-A Review of Research
Crime and Justice-A Review of Research CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: Crime and Justice: A Review of Research is a refereed series of volumes of commissioned essays on crime-related research subjects published by the University of Chicago Press. Since 1979 the Crime and Justice series has presented a review of the latest international research, providing expertise to enhance the work of sociologists, psychologists, criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists. The series explores a full range of issues concerning crime, its causes, and its cure.
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